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不銹鋼焊條試用注意事項
日期：2024-11-24 23:57
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摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼焊條試用注意事項</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、鉻不銹鋼具有一定的耐蝕</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">氧化性酸、有機酸、氣蝕</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、耐熱和耐磨性能。通常用于電站、化工、石油等設備材料。鉻不銹鋼焊接性較差，應注意焊接工藝、熱處理條件及選用合適電焊條。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、鉻</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">13</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼焊后硬化性較大，容易產生裂紋。若采用同類型的鉻不銹鋼焊條</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(G202</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">G207)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊接，必須進行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">300</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上的預熱和焊后</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">700</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">左右的緩冷處理。若焊件不能進行焊后熱處理，則應選用鉻鎳不銹鋼焊條</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(A107</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A207)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、鉻</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">17</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼，為改善耐蝕性能及焊接性而適當增加適量穩定性元素</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Mo</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">等，焊接性較鉻</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">13</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼好一些。采用同類型的鉻不銹鋼焊條</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(G302</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">G307)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">時，應進行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上的預熱和焊后</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">800</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">左右的回火處理。若焊件不能進行熱處理，則應選用鉻鎳不銹鋼焊條</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(A107</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">A207)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、鉻鎳不銹鋼焊條具有良好耐腐蝕性和抗氧化性，廣泛應用于化工、化肥、石油、醫療機械制造。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、鉻鎳不銹鋼焊接時，受到重復加熱析出碳化物，降低耐腐蝕性和力學性能。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、鉻鎳不銹鋼藥皮有鈦鈣型和低氫型。鈦鈣型可用于交直流，但交流焊時熔深較淺，同時容易發紅，故盡可能采用直流電源。直徑</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">及以下可用于全位置焊件，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">及以上用于平焊及平角焊。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、焊條使用時應保持干燥，鈦鈣型應經</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">150</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">干燥</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">小時，低氫型應經</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">200</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">～</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">250</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">干燥</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">小時</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不能多次重復烘干，否則藥皮容易開裂剝落</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">，防止焊條藥皮粘油及其它臟物，以免致使焊縫增加含碳量和影響焊件質量。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">8</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、為防止由于加熱而產生睛間腐蝕，焊接電流不宜太大，比碳鋼焊條較少</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">左右，電弧不宜過長，層間快冷，以窄焊道為宜。</span></span>
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不銹鋼焊條試用注意事項
1、鉻不銹鋼具有一定的耐蝕(氧化性酸、有機酸、氣蝕)、耐熱和耐磨性能。通常用于電站、化工、石油等設備材料。鉻不銹鋼焊接性較差，應注意焊接工藝、熱處理條件及選用合適電焊條。
2、鉻13不銹鋼焊后硬化性較大，容易產生裂紋。若采用同類型的鉻不銹鋼焊條(G202、G207)焊接，必須進行300℃以上的預熱和焊后700℃左右的緩冷處理。若焊件不能進行焊后熱處理，則應選用鉻鎳不銹鋼焊條(A107、A207)。
3、鉻17不銹鋼，為改善耐蝕性能及焊接性而適當增加適量穩定性元素Ti、Nb、Mo等，焊接性較鉻13不銹鋼好一些。采用同類型的鉻不銹鋼焊條(G302、G307)時，應進行200℃以上的預熱和焊后800℃左右的回火處理。若焊件不能進行熱處理，則應選用鉻鎳不銹鋼焊條(A107、A207)。
4、鉻鎳不銹鋼焊條具有良好耐腐蝕性和抗氧化性，廣泛應用于化工、化肥、石油、醫療機械制造。
5、鉻鎳不銹鋼焊接時，受到重復加熱析出碳化物，降低耐腐蝕性和力學性能。
6、鉻鎳不銹鋼藥皮有鈦鈣型和低氫型。鈦鈣型可用于交直流，但交流焊時熔深較淺，同時容易發紅，故盡可能采用直流電源。直徑4.0及以下可用于全位置焊件，5.0及以上用于平焊及平角焊。
7、焊條使用時應保持干燥，鈦鈣型應經150℃干燥1小時，低氫型應經200～250℃干燥1小時(不能多次重復烘干，否則藥皮容易開裂剝落)，防止焊條藥皮粘油及其它臟物，以免致使焊縫增加含碳量和影響焊件質量。
8、為防止由于加熱而產生睛間腐蝕，焊接電流不宜太大，比碳鋼焊條較少20%左右，電弧不宜過長，層間快冷，以窄焊道為宜。
