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儀表常用不銹鋼牌號及性能

日期:2024-11-24 16:45
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摘要:<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">儀表常用不銹鋼牌號及性能</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1.&nbsp;304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">是應用量較大、使用范圍*廣的奧氏體不銹鋼之一,適用于制造深沖成型部件和輸酸管道、容器、結構件、各類儀表本體等,也可以制造無磁、低溫設備和部件。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2.&nbsp;304L<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">為解決因</span>Cr23C6<span style="font-family:宋體;">析出致使</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼在一些條件下存在嚴重的晶間腐蝕傾向而發展的超低碳奧氏體不銹鋼,其敏化態耐晶間腐蝕能力顯著優于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼。除強度稍低外,其它性能同</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">321</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼,主要用于需焊接后又不能進行固溶處理的耐蝕設備和部件,可用于制造各類儀表本體等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">3.&nbsp;304H<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">304<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的內部分支,碳質量分數在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.04%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">—</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.10%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,高溫性能優于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">4.&nbsp;316<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">在</span>10Cr18Ni12<span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼基礎上加人鉬,使鋼具有良好的耐還原性介質和耐點腐蝕能力。在海水和其他各種介質中,耐腐蝕性優于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼,主要用于耐點蝕材料。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">5.&nbsp;316L<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">超低碳鋼,具有良好的耐敏化態晶間腐蝕的性能,適用于制造厚截面尺寸的焊接部件和設備,如石油化工設備中的耐蝕材料。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">6.&nbsp;316H<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">316<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼的內部分支,碳質量分數在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.04%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">—</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.10%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,高溫性能優于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">316</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">7.&nbsp;317<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">耐點蝕和抗蠕變能力優于</span>316L<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼,用于制造石化及耐有機酸腐蝕的設備。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">8.&nbsp;321<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鈦穩定化的奧氏體不銹鋼,添加鈦提高耐晶間腐蝕性能,并具有良好的高溫力學性能,可用超低碳奧氏體不銹鋼代替。除高溫或抗氫腐蝕等專用場合外,一般情況不推薦使用。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">9.&nbsp;347<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鈮穩定化的奧氏體不銹鋼,添加鈮提高耐晶間腐蝕性能,在酸、堿、鹽等腐蝕介質中的耐蝕性同</span>321<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼,焊接性能良好,即可作耐蝕材料又可作耐熱鋼使用,主要用于火電、石化領域,如制作容器、管道、熱交換器、軸類、工業爐中的爐管以及爐管溫度計等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">10.&nbsp;904L<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">超級完全奧氏體不銹鋼,是芬蘭奧托昆普</span>(OUTOKUMPU)<span style="font-family:宋體;">公司發明的一種超級奧氏體不銹鋼,其鎳質量分數為</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">24%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">一</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">26%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,碳質量分數小于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.02%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,耐腐蝕性極好,在非氧化性酸如硫酸、醋酸、甲酸、磷酸中具有很好的耐蝕性,同時具有良好的抗縫隙腐蝕及抗應力腐蝕性能。適用于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">70</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">℃以下各種濃度硫酸,在常壓下耐任何濃度、任何溫度的醋酸及甲酸與醋酸的混酸中耐腐蝕性也很好。原有標準</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ASMESB-625</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">將其歸人鎳基合金,新標準將其歸為不銹鋼。中國只有近似牌號</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼,少數歐洲儀表廠商的關鍵材質采用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">904L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼,例如</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">E+ H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的質量流量計的測量管就是采用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">904L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼,勞力士手表的表殼也采用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">904L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">11.&nbsp;440C<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">馬氏體不銹鋼、在可淬硬性不銹鋼、不銹鋼中硬度*高,硬度為</span>HRC57<span style="font-family:宋體;">。主要用于制作噴嘴,軸承,閥門的閥芯、閥座、套筒、閥桿等。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">12.&nbsp;17-4PH<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">馬氏體沉淀硬化不銹鋼,硬度為</span>HRC44<span style="font-family:宋體;">,具有高強度、硬度和抗腐蝕性,不能用于高于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">300</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">℃的溫度。對大氣及稀釋酸或鹽都具有良好的抗腐蝕能力,它的抗腐蝕能力與</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼和</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">430</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼一樣,用于制造海上平臺,渦輪機葉片,閥門的閥芯、閥座、套筒、閥桿等。</span></span> </p>

儀表常用不銹鋼牌號及性能

1. 304不銹鋼

是應用量較大、使用范圍*廣的奧氏體不銹鋼之一,適用于制造深沖成型部件和輸酸管道、容器、結構件、各類儀表本體等,也可以制造無磁、低溫設備和部件。

 

2. 304L不銹鋼

為解決因Cr23C6析出致使304不銹鋼在一些條件下存在嚴重的晶間腐蝕傾向而發展的超低碳奧氏體不銹鋼,其敏化態耐晶間腐蝕能力顯著優于304不銹鋼。除強度稍低外,其它性能同321不銹鋼,主要用于需焊接后又不能進行固溶處理的耐蝕設備和部件,可用于制造各類儀表本體等。

 

3. 304H不銹鋼

304不銹鋼的內部分支,碳質量分數在0.04%0.10%,高溫性能優于304不銹鋼。

 

4. 316不銹鋼

10Cr18Ni12鋼基礎上加人鉬,使鋼具有良好的耐還原性介質和耐點腐蝕能力。在海水和其他各種介質中,耐腐蝕性優于304不銹鋼,主要用于耐點蝕材料。

 

5. 316L不銹鋼

超低碳鋼,具有良好的耐敏化態晶間腐蝕的性能,適用于制造厚截面尺寸的焊接部件和設備,如石油化工設備中的耐蝕材料。

 

6. 316H不銹鋼

316不銹鋼的內部分支,碳質量分數在0.04%0.10%,高溫性能優于316不銹鋼。

 

7. 317不銹鋼

耐點蝕和抗蠕變能力優于316L不銹鋼,用于制造石化及耐有機酸腐蝕的設備。

 

8. 321不銹鋼

鈦穩定化的奧氏體不銹鋼,添加鈦提高耐晶間腐蝕性能,并具有良好的高溫力學性能,可用超低碳奧氏體不銹鋼代替。除高溫或抗氫腐蝕等專用場合外,一般情況不推薦使用。

 

9. 347不銹鋼

鈮穩定化的奧氏體不銹鋼,添加鈮提高耐晶間腐蝕性能,在酸、堿、鹽等腐蝕介質中的耐蝕性同321不銹鋼,焊接性能良好,即可作耐蝕材料又可作耐熱鋼使用,主要用于火電、石化領域,如制作容器、管道、熱交換器、軸類、工業爐中的爐管以及爐管溫度計等。

 

10. 904L不銹鋼

超級完全奧氏體不銹鋼,是芬蘭奧托昆普(OUTOKUMPU)公司發明的一種超級奧氏體不銹鋼,其鎳質量分數為24%26%,碳質量分數小于0.02%,耐腐蝕性極好,在非氧化性酸如硫酸、醋酸、甲酸、磷酸中具有很好的耐蝕性,同時具有良好的抗縫隙腐蝕及抗應力腐蝕性能。適用于70℃以下各種濃度硫酸,在常壓下耐任何濃度、任何溫度的醋酸及甲酸與醋酸的混酸中耐腐蝕性也很好。原有標準ASMESB-625將其歸人鎳基合金,新標準將其歸為不銹鋼。中國只有近似牌號015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2鋼,少數歐洲儀表廠商的關鍵材質采用904L不銹鋼,例如E+ H的質量流量計的測量管就是采用904L不銹鋼,勞力士手表的表殼也采用904L不銹鋼。

 

11. 440C不銹鋼

馬氏體不銹鋼、在可淬硬性不銹鋼、不銹鋼中硬度*高,硬度為HRC57。主要用于制作噴嘴,軸承,閥門的閥芯、閥座、套筒、閥桿等。

 

12. 17-4PH不銹鋼

馬氏體沉淀硬化不銹鋼,硬度為HRC44,具有高強度、硬度和抗腐蝕性,不能用于高于300℃的溫度。對大氣及稀釋酸或鹽都具有良好的抗腐蝕能力,它的抗腐蝕能力與304不銹鋼和430不銹鋼一樣,用于制造海上平臺,渦輪機葉片,閥門的閥芯、閥座、套筒、閥桿等。

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