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西安2507/2205不銹鋼管的組織與性能

日期:2024-11-23 15:44
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摘要:<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">/2205<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">管的組織與性能</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">采用熱穿孔工藝,結(jié)合多道次冷軋變形,開發(fā)出大口徑</span>2507<span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管,規(guī)格為</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">219*20</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">mm<span style="font-family:宋體;">。結(jié)果表明:</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管金相組織優(yōu)良,鐵素體含量約</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">45%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">~</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">55%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。鋼管具有良好的力學(xué)性能,低溫沖擊功可達(dá)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">70J</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以上。同時(shí),鋼管具有較好的耐點(diǎn)腐蝕性能,腐蝕速率小于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.0mdd</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。本次開發(fā)的大口徑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管化學(xué)組成、金相組織及室溫力學(xué)性能、低溫沖擊性能均滿足</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ASME SA790</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ISO 13680</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,可以用于石化、海洋、油氣開采等領(lǐng)域。 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">超級(jí)雙相不銹鋼</span>(UNS 2507)<span style="font-family:宋體;">由于超低碳和高鉻、高鉬、高氮的成分設(shè)計(jì),與</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">UNS S32205</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">雙相不銹鋼相比,具有更高的強(qiáng)度、更好的耐點(diǎn)腐蝕、耐應(yīng)力腐蝕性能。目前主要用于各種苛刻環(huán)境,尤其是在高氯化物環(huán)境中,常用作海水熱交換器、海底油田管道纜、海水淡化等裝置。 </span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">苛刻的酸性油氣田環(huán)境中,根據(jù)介質(zhì)濃度、溫度、壓力等工況,可選用的材料主要有馬氏體不銹鋼、雙相不銹鋼和鎳基合金等。因此,在一些高溫、高壓、高含</span>CO2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">H2S</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">環(huán)境中常采用鎳基合金材料。而在一些含</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">CO2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">Cl-</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">且</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">H2S</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">含量較低的油氣開采環(huán)境中,</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">合金由于具有冷加工硬化顯著、抗應(yīng)力腐蝕性能好、耐點(diǎn)蝕,相對(duì)于鎳基合金油井管而言,具有價(jià)格低、性能相當(dāng)?shù)忍攸c(diǎn),綜合性能則優(yōu)于馬氏體不銹鋼。因此得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用,應(yīng)用形式主要是管材</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">[1]-[5]</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。 </span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">通常來(lái)講,無(wú)縫鋼管尺寸較小時(shí),通過(guò)熱擠壓工藝或者熱穿孔工藝,結(jié)合冷軋工藝可以生產(chǎn)出符合要求的超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管。但是,對(duì)于大口徑超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管,采用熱擠壓工藝生產(chǎn)比較困難,特別是管材長(zhǎng)度要求較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。因此,針對(duì)大口徑</span>(<span style="font-family:宋體;">外徑大于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">219mm)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(9m</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以上</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等特殊需求,本公司開展了</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管的研制開發(fā),并形成了批量生產(chǎn)的能力。 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">1<span style="font-family:宋體;">、大口徑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管的制造流程 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">大口徑</span>2507<span style="font-family:宋體;">合金無(wú)縫鋼管的整個(gè)開發(fā)制造流程可以簡(jiǎn)化為:鋼錠冶煉</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鍛造開坯</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">管坯加工</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">熱穿孔</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">冷軋成形</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">固溶熱處理</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">酸洗</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">檢驗(yàn)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">→</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">成品。 </span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼坯由某特鋼公司提供,采用電爐</span>+AOD<span style="font-family:宋體;">精煉工藝冶煉。經(jīng)公司入廠復(fù)驗(yàn),管坯化學(xué)成分見(jiàn)表</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,結(jié)果表明成分符合</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ASME SA790</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ISO 13680</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。管坯各類夾雜物含量為</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">0.5</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">~</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1.5</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">級(jí),也符合技術(shù)條件要求,如圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">所示</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼坯經(jīng)剝皮機(jī)剝皮后,徹底消除表面的缺陷</span>(<span style="font-family:宋體;">氧化皮、裂紋等</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。根據(jù)實(shí)際要求將鋼坯進(jìn)行分段、機(jī)加工,并進(jìn)行尺寸公差和表面質(zhì)量檢查。管坯在加熱前進(jìn)行清洗,**管坯內(nèi)外表面上的油脂和污物,防止管坯在加熱過(guò)程中被污染,確保管坯質(zhì)量。將清洗后的管坯送入斜底式加熱爐中進(jìn)行加熱到設(shè)定溫度后,送入斜軋穿孔機(jī)中進(jìn)行熱穿孔,得到內(nèi)外表面質(zhì)量良好、性能均勻的穿孔荒管。荒管經(jīng)過(guò)固溶熱處理后進(jìn)行內(nèi)外表面檢驗(yàn),為后續(xù)冷軋工藝提供合格的荒管,并為*終的成品管材提供了可靠的質(zhì)量保證。穿孔荒管在周期式冷軋管機(jī)上完成冷軋變形,經(jīng)過(guò)多道次冷軋,*終軋制出</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">251mm×17mm</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的成品鋼管,長(zhǎng)度達(dá)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">10m</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以上。 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、大口徑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管的組織與性能 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2.1 <span style="font-family:宋體;">金相組織演化</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">由于采用熱穿孔工藝進(jìn)行荒管制備,穿孔工藝對(duì)荒管金相組織的影響非常顯著,特別影響到兩相比與相組織、形態(tài)的控制。如果穿孔工藝控制不好的話,在荒管組織中容易產(chǎn)生金屬間相、二次奧氏體相等,進(jìn)而影響到荒管質(zhì)量和成品管材的性能。</span> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">試驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,熱穿孔荒管金相組織較差,兩相比例不協(xié)調(diào),并且含有較多的**相,如圖</span>2(a)<span style="font-family:宋體;">所示。特別是,由于鋼材存在隨溫度的降低發(fā)生由韌性到脆性的轉(zhuǎn)變。一旦鋼管組織不正常,低溫</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(-10℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">~</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">-50℃)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">沖擊性能則大大惡化,沖擊功降低到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">20J</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">左右,甚至更低,此時(shí)斷口形貌為明顯的脆性斷裂特征,如圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3(a)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">所示。因此對(duì)熱穿孔荒管及中間規(guī)格管進(jìn)行合適的熱處理,調(diào)整鋼管內(nèi)部組織中的兩相比例與相組成、形態(tài)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)熱處理后,中間管的金相組織逐漸恢復(fù)正常,基本上未見(jiàn)金屬間相等出現(xiàn),如圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2(b)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">所示。低溫</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">(-10℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">~</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">-50℃)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">沖擊性能逐漸提高到</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">60</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">~</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">150J</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">左右,斷口特征從脆性斷裂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轫g性斷裂特征,如圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3(b)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">所示</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2.2 <span style="font-family:宋體;">力學(xué)性能 </span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">從成品鋼管取樣分別進(jìn)行包括金相、室溫拉伸和低溫沖擊試驗(yàn)、點(diǎn)腐蝕性能評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn),以評(píng)價(jià)鋼管的使用性能及工藝性能。</span> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">金相結(jié)果如圖</span>2(c)<span style="font-family:宋體;">中所示。從測(cè)試結(jié)果可以看出,成品鋼管中兩相含量比較均勻,鐵素體含量大約在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">45%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">~</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">55%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">左右,符合相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí),兩相界面清晰、過(guò)渡光滑,未見(jiàn)金屬間等**相。 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">對(duì)成品規(guī)格的</span>2507<span style="font-family:宋體;">管的沖擊功,進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),結(jié)果如圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">所示。從圖中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)論是固溶態(tài)還是冷變形態(tài)的成品管,其沖擊性能優(yōu)異。沖擊功隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度的降低而降低,且固溶態(tài)的沖擊功遠(yuǎn)高于冷加工態(tài)。 </span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">此外,成品管的低溫</span>(-10℃)<span style="font-family:宋體;">沖擊功均高于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">70J</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。對(duì)其斷口進(jìn)行觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),為韌性斷裂,如圖</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3(b)</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">所示。 </span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">采用</span>ASTM G48A<span style="font-family:宋體;">法進(jìn)行了點(diǎn)腐蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,點(diǎn)腐蝕速率小于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">3.0 mdd</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。綜合金相組織、沖擊性能、室溫拉伸、點(diǎn)腐蝕等檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),本次開發(fā)的大口徑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管性能優(yōu)異,完全滿足</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ASMESA790</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ISO13680</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">3<span style="font-family:宋體;">、結(jié)論 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">西安華達(dá)不銹鋼有限公司</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">有限公司采用熱穿孔和冷軋工藝成功開發(fā)了規(guī)格為</span>2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">19*20</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">mm<span style="font-family:宋體;">的大口徑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管。大口徑</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2507</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">無(wú)縫鋼管金相組織、力學(xué)性能優(yōu)異,符合</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">ASME SA790</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、狀態(tài)抗拉強(qiáng)度</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/MPa </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">屈服強(qiáng)度</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/MPa </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">延伸率</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/% </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">硬度</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">/HRC</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">冷變形</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">1060 960 27 33</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">固溶態(tài)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">815 580 44 25ISO13680</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可用于石化、海洋、油氣開采等領(lǐng)域。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">&nbsp;</span> </p>

西安2507/2205不銹鋼管的組織與性能

采用熱穿孔工藝,結(jié)合多道次冷軋變形,開發(fā)出大口徑2507無(wú)縫鋼管,規(guī)格為219*20mm。結(jié)果表明:2507無(wú)縫鋼管金相組織優(yōu)良,鐵素體含量約45%55%。鋼管具有良好的力學(xué)性能,低溫沖擊功可達(dá)70J以上。同時(shí),鋼管具有較好的耐點(diǎn)腐蝕性能,腐蝕速率小于3.0mdd。本次開發(fā)的大口徑2507無(wú)縫鋼管化學(xué)組成、金相組織及室溫力學(xué)性能、低溫沖擊性能均滿足ASME SA790ISO 13680等產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,可以用于石化、海洋、油氣開采等領(lǐng)域。

超級(jí)雙相不銹鋼(UNS 2507)由于超低碳和高鉻、高鉬、高氮的成分設(shè)計(jì),與UNS S32205雙相不銹鋼相比,具有更高的強(qiáng)度、更好的耐點(diǎn)腐蝕、耐應(yīng)力腐蝕性能。目前主要用于各種苛刻環(huán)境,尤其是在高氯化物環(huán)境中,常用作海水熱交換器、海底油田管道纜、海水淡化等裝置。
苛刻的酸性油氣田環(huán)境中,根據(jù)介質(zhì)濃度、溫度、壓力等工況,可選用的材料主要有馬氏體不銹鋼、雙相不銹鋼和鎳基合金等。因此,在一些高溫、高壓、高含CO2H2S環(huán)境中常采用鎳基合金材料。而在一些含CO2Cl-H2S含量較低的油氣開采環(huán)境中,2507合金由于具有冷加工硬化顯著、抗應(yīng)力腐蝕性能好、耐點(diǎn)蝕,相對(duì)于鎳基合金油井管而言,具有價(jià)格低、性能相當(dāng)?shù)忍攸c(diǎn),綜合性能則優(yōu)于馬氏體不銹鋼。因此得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用,應(yīng)用形式主要是管材[1]-[5]
通常來(lái)講,無(wú)縫鋼管尺寸較小時(shí),通過(guò)熱擠壓工藝或者熱穿孔工藝,結(jié)合冷軋工藝可以生產(chǎn)出符合要求的超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管。但是,對(duì)于大口徑超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管,采用熱擠壓工藝生產(chǎn)比較困難,特別是管材長(zhǎng)度要求較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。因此,針對(duì)大口徑(外徑大于219mm)、長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)(9m以上)等特殊需求,本公司開展了2507超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管的研制開發(fā),并形成了批量生產(chǎn)的能力。

1、大口徑2507無(wú)縫鋼管的制造流程

大口徑2507合金無(wú)縫鋼管的整個(gè)開發(fā)制造流程可以簡(jiǎn)化為:鋼錠冶煉鍛造開坯管坯加工熱穿孔冷軋成形固溶熱處理酸洗檢驗(yàn)成品。
鋼坯由某特鋼公司提供,采用電爐+AOD精煉工藝冶煉。經(jīng)公司入廠復(fù)驗(yàn),管坯化學(xué)成分見(jiàn)表1,結(jié)果表明成分符合ASME SA790ISO 13680等相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。管坯各類夾雜物含量為0.51.5級(jí),也符合技術(shù)條件要求,如圖1所示
鋼坯經(jīng)剝皮機(jī)剝皮后,徹底消除表面的缺陷(氧化皮、裂紋等)。根據(jù)實(shí)際要求將鋼坯進(jìn)行分段、機(jī)加工,并進(jìn)行尺寸公差和表面質(zhì)量檢查。管坯在加熱前進(jìn)行清洗,**管坯內(nèi)外表面上的油脂和污物,防止管坯在加熱過(guò)程中被污染,確保管坯質(zhì)量。將清洗后的管坯送入斜底式加熱爐中進(jìn)行加熱到設(shè)定溫度后,送入斜軋穿孔機(jī)中進(jìn)行熱穿孔,得到內(nèi)外表面質(zhì)量良好、性能均勻的穿孔荒管。荒管經(jīng)過(guò)固溶熱處理后進(jìn)行內(nèi)外表面檢驗(yàn),為后續(xù)冷軋工藝提供合格的荒管,并為*終的成品管材提供了可靠的質(zhì)量保證。穿孔荒管在周期式冷軋管機(jī)上完成冷軋變形,經(jīng)過(guò)多道次冷軋,*終軋制出251mm×17mm的成品鋼管,長(zhǎng)度達(dá)10m以上。

2、大口徑2507無(wú)縫鋼管的組織與性能

2.1 金相組織演化 
由于采用熱穿孔工藝進(jìn)行荒管制備,穿孔工藝對(duì)荒管金相組織的影響非常顯著,特別影響到兩相比與相組織、形態(tài)的控制。如果穿孔工藝控制不好的話,在荒管組織中容易產(chǎn)生金屬間相、二次奧氏體相等,進(jìn)而影響到荒管質(zhì)量和成品管材的性能。
試驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,熱穿孔荒管金相組織較差,兩相比例不協(xié)調(diào),并且含有較多的**相,如圖2(a)所示。特別是,由于鋼材存在隨溫度的降低發(fā)生由韌性到脆性的轉(zhuǎn)變。一旦鋼管組織不正常,低溫(-10℃-50℃)沖擊性能則大大惡化,沖擊功降低到20J左右,甚至更低,此時(shí)斷口形貌為明顯的脆性斷裂特征,如圖3(a)所示。因此對(duì)熱穿孔荒管及中間規(guī)格管進(jìn)行合適的熱處理,調(diào)整鋼管內(nèi)部組織中的兩相比例與相組成、形態(tài)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)熱處理后,中間管的金相組織逐漸恢復(fù)正常,基本上未見(jiàn)金屬間相等出現(xiàn),如圖2(b)所示。低溫(-10℃-50℃)沖擊性能逐漸提高到60150J左右,斷口特征從脆性斷裂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轫g性斷裂特征,如圖3(b)所示

2.2 力學(xué)性能
從成品鋼管取樣分別進(jìn)行包括金相、室溫拉伸和低溫沖擊試驗(yàn)、點(diǎn)腐蝕性能評(píng)價(jià)試驗(yàn),以評(píng)價(jià)鋼管的使用性能及工藝性能。
金相結(jié)果如圖2(c)中所示。從測(cè)試結(jié)果可以看出,成品鋼管中兩相含量比較均勻,鐵素體含量大約在45%55%左右,符合相關(guān)產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。同時(shí),兩相界面清晰、過(guò)渡光滑,未見(jiàn)金屬間等**相。

對(duì)成品規(guī)格的2507管的沖擊功,進(jìn)行了檢測(cè),結(jié)果如圖4所示。從圖中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)論是固溶態(tài)還是冷變形態(tài)的成品管,其沖擊性能優(yōu)異。沖擊功隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度的降低而降低,且固溶態(tài)的沖擊功遠(yuǎn)高于冷加工態(tài)。
此外,成品管的低溫(-10℃)沖擊功均高于70J。對(duì)其斷口進(jìn)行觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),為韌性斷裂,如圖3(b)所示。
采用ASTM G48A法進(jìn)行了點(diǎn)腐蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,點(diǎn)腐蝕速率小于3.0 mdd。綜合金相組織、沖擊性能、室溫拉伸、點(diǎn)腐蝕等檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),本次開發(fā)的大口徑2507無(wú)縫鋼管性能優(yōu)異,完全滿足ASMESA790ISO13680標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

3、結(jié)論

西安華達(dá)不銹鋼有限公司有限公司采用熱穿孔和冷軋工藝成功開發(fā)了規(guī)格為219*20mm的大口徑2507超級(jí)雙相無(wú)縫鋼管。大口徑2507無(wú)縫鋼管金相組織、力學(xué)性能優(yōu)異,符合ASME SA790、狀態(tài)抗拉強(qiáng)度/MPa 屈服強(qiáng)度/MPa 延伸率/% 硬度/HRC冷變形1060 960 27 33固溶態(tài)815 580 44 25ISO13680等產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可用于石化、海洋、油氣開采等領(lǐng)域。

 

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