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不銹鋼焊接氣孔是怎樣產生?如何避免?

日期:2024-11-22 06:12
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摘要:<p align="left" style="margin:0pt;"> <p align="left" style="color:#000000;font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼焊接氣孔是怎樣產生?如何避免?</span></span> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">一、氣孔的影響因素</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氬氣流量:氬氣流量過小</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">抗風干擾能力弱 </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">; </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">過大</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣體流速太大</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">經過噴嘴時形成的近壁層流很薄</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣體噴出后</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">很快紊亂</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">而且容易把空氣卷人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">對熔池的保護效果變差。所以</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">氬氣的流量一 定要合適</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣流才能穩定</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氬氣不純:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接碳鋼時氬氣的純度不低于</span> 99.7 %, <span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接鋁時不 低于 </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">99.9 %, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">而焊接鈦和鈦合金用的氬氣純度高達</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">99.99%</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">檢測氬氣純度方法</span>:</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">在打磨干凈的鋼板或管子上不加焊絲進行焊接</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">然后在焊道上多次重熔</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">如果有氣孔</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">則說明氬氣不純;焊接時</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧周圍有非常小的火星也說明氬氣不純;有時當氬氣的純度接近焊接要求的純度要求時</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">用上述</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">種檢測方法并不能檢驗出來</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">但是在焊接有間隙的焊口時</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">就會在焊縫的根部產生斷續的氣孔</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">或者在蓋面焊時產生表面氣孔</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">或焊道表面有一層氧化皮;在鎳板上點焊數點</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊點呈銀白色</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表面如鏡面</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">則說明氬氣純度合格。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊槍噴嘴的影響:噴嘴直徑過小</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">當電弧周圍的氬氣有效保護范圍小于熔池面積時</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">就會造成保護不好而產生氣孔。尤其是野外作業、焊接大管子時要用較大直徑的噴嘴</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以有效地保護電弧和熔池。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣帶漏氣:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣帶接口或者氣帶漏氣都會造成焊接時氣體流量過小,空氣被吸人氣帶內</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">從而造成保護效果不好。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">5<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">風的影響:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">風稍大</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">會使氬氣保護層形成紊流</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">從而造成保護效果不佳。因此</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">風速</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">&gt; 2m/s</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">時要采取防風措施 </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接管子時</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">要把管口堵住</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">避 免在管內形成穿堂風。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">6<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊槍噴嘴與工件間的距離:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">該距離小</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">對側風的影 響敏感度小 </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">; </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">該距離大</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">抗風干擾 的能力弱。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">7<span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣瓶內壓力太小:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氣瓶內的壓力小于</span>1MPa <span style="font-family:宋體;">時要停用。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">8</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊槍角度過大:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊槍的角度過大</span>,<span style="font-family:宋體;">一方面會把空氣帶人熔池</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">另一方面造成長弧側的氬氣流對電弧 和熔池的保護效果變差。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">9</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">操作的影響:在用帶控制按鈕</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;">的氫弧焊焊槍時</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">在焊前要先放氣</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以免氣帶內的壓 力過大</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">在引弧 時造成出氣流量瞬間過大</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">產生 氣孔。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">10</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">氫氣流量表的影響:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">流量表出氣不穩定</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">忽大忽小都會影響保護效果。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">11 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊槍配件不合適:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鎢極夾不配套</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">堵塞氣路不流暢</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">保護氣體從噴嘴內的一側流出</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不能形成完整的保護圈。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">二、焊接材料的影響</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊絲不干凈,焊絲表面有鐵銹、油污、水將直接促使焊縫內產生大量的氣孔。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊絲型號的影響不能用埋弧焊焊絲代替手工鎢極氫弧焊焊絲</span>,<span style="font-family:宋體;">否則會產生斷續或者連續狀的氣孔。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">三、母材材質的影響</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">板材或管材質量的影響:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">板材或管材中若有夾層</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">夾層中的雜質會促使氣孔缺陷的產生。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼種的影響:</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">沸騰鋼</span> ( <span style="font-family:宋體;">氧含量 大、雜質多 </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">) </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不能用氬弧焊焊接。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">四、</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鎢極</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">的影響</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鎢極端部的影響鎢極端部不尖</span>,<span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧漂移不穩定</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">破壞氬氣的保護區</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">使熔池金屬氧化產生氣孔。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">引弧時電弧上爬造成保護不好</span> <span style="font-family:宋體;">當用高頻引弧的設備時</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">剛引弧時鎢極端部溫度低</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">不具備足夠的熱發射電子能力</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電子容易從有氧化膜的地方發射</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">沿電極上爬尋找有氧化物的地方發射</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">此 時造成電弧拉長</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">氬氣對熔池的保護效果變差</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">當鎢極的溫度上升后</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電子便從 鎢極的前端發射</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧弧長相應變短。這時只要把鎢極表面上氧化物打磨干凈就可以排除。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">五、</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接工藝</span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">的影響</span></span></span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">1 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">坡口清理坡口面以及坡口兩側各</span>10mm <span style="font-family:宋體;">范圍都要打磨干凈</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">避免焊接時電弧產生的磁性把熔池附近的鐵銹吸入熔池。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">2</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接電流的影響焊接電流太小</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧不穩定</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧在鎢極的端部不規則地漂移</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">破壞保護區。焊接電流太大</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">電弧對氣流產生擾亂作用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">保護效果變差。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">焊接速度的影響焊接速度過快</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">由于空氣阻力對保護氣流 的影響</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">氬氣氣流會彎曲</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">偏離電極中心和熔池</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">對熔池和電弧保護不好。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">4</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">熄弧弧方法的影響熄弧時采用衰減電流或加焊絲、把電弧帶到坡口側并壓低電弧的熄弧方法</span>,<span style="font-family:宋體;">不 要突然?;≡斐筛邷氐娜鄢孛撾x氬氣流的有效保護</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">,</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">避免弧坑出現氣孔或縮孔。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">5 </span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鎢極伸出長的影響鎢極伸出長太長</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">氫氣對電弧和熔池的保護效果變差。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">引起手工鎢極氬弧焊焊接時產生氣孔的因素固然較多</span>, <span style="font-family:宋體;">但是</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">只要了解了氬弧焊的特點</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">并根據實際情況逐一排查影響因素</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">排除所有引起氬弧焊時焊縫產生氣孔的因素</span><span style="font-family:Calibri;">, </span><span style="font-family:宋體;">就能夠在實際生產中提高焊接質量。</span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:Calibri;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p align="left" style="margin:0pt;"> <br /> </p> </span> </p> </p> <p align="left" style="margin:0pt;"> <br /> </p>

不銹鋼焊接氣孔是怎樣產生?如何避免?

一、氣孔的影響因素

1、氬氣流量:氬氣流量過小, 抗風干擾能力弱 ; 過大,氣體流速太大,經過噴嘴時形成的近壁層流很薄,氣體噴出后, 很快紊亂,而且容易把空氣卷人, 對熔池的保護效果變差。所以,氬氣的流量一 定要合適,氣流才能穩定。

2、氬氣不純:焊接碳鋼時氬氣的純度不低于 99.7 %, 焊接鋁時不 低于 99.9 %, 而焊接鈦和鈦合金用的氬氣純度高達99.99%。

檢測氬氣純度方法:在打磨干凈的鋼板或管子上不加焊絲進行焊接, 然后在焊道上多次重熔, 如果有氣孔, 則說明氬氣不純;焊接時, 電弧周圍有非常小的火星也說明氬氣不純;有時當氬氣的純度接近焊接要求的純度要求時, 用上述2種檢測方法并不能檢驗出來,但是在焊接有間隙的焊口時, 就會在焊縫的根部產生斷續的氣孔, 或者在蓋面焊時產生表面氣孔, 或焊道表面有一層氧化皮;在鎳板上點焊數點, 焊點呈銀白色, 表面如鏡面,則說明氬氣純度合格。

焊槍噴嘴的影響:噴嘴直徑過小, 當電弧周圍的氬氣有效保護范圍小于熔池面積時, 就會造成保護不好而產生氣孔。尤其是野外作業、焊接大管子時要用較大直徑的噴嘴,以有效地保護電弧和熔池。

氣帶漏氣:氣帶接口或者氣帶漏氣都會造成焊接時氣體流量過小,空氣被吸人氣帶內, 從而造成保護效果不好。

5風的影響:風稍大, 會使氬氣保護層形成紊流, 從而造成保護效果不佳。因此, 風速> 2m/s時要采取防風措施 ;焊接管子時,要把管口堵住,避 免在管內形成穿堂風。

6焊槍噴嘴與工件間的距離:該距離小, 對側風的影 響敏感度小 ; 該距離大,抗風干擾 的能力弱。

7、氣瓶內壓力太?。?/span>氣瓶內的壓力小于1MPa 時要停用。

8、焊槍角度過大:焊槍的角度過大,一方面會把空氣帶人熔池, 另一方面造成長弧側的氬氣流對電弧 和熔池的保護效果變差。

9 操作的影響:在用帶控制按鈕 的氫弧焊焊槍時, 在焊前要先放氣, 以免氣帶內的壓 力過大, 在引弧 時造成出氣流量瞬間過大, 產生 氣孔。

10 、氫氣流量表的影響:流量表出氣不穩定, 忽大忽小都會影響保護效果。

11 、焊槍配件不合適:鎢極夾不配套, 堵塞氣路不流暢, 保護氣體從噴嘴內的一側流出,不能形成完整的保護圈。

二、焊接材料的影響

1 、焊絲不干凈,焊絲表面有鐵銹、油污、水將直接促使焊縫內產生大量的氣孔。

2 焊絲型號的影響不能用埋弧焊焊絲代替手工鎢極氫弧焊焊絲,否則會產生斷續或者連續狀的氣孔。

三、母材材質的影響

1.板材或管材質量的影響:板材或管材中若有夾層, 夾層中的雜質會促使氣孔缺陷的產生。

2 、鋼種的影響:沸騰鋼 ( 氧含量 大、雜質多 ) 不能用氬弧焊焊接。

四、鎢極的影響

1鎢極端部的影響鎢極端部不尖,電弧漂移不穩定, 破壞氬氣的保護區, 使熔池金屬氧化產生氣孔。

2 、引弧時電弧上爬造成保護不好 當用高頻引弧的設備時, 剛引弧時鎢極端部溫度低,不具備足夠的熱發射電子能力, 電子容易從有氧化膜的地方發射, 沿電極上爬尋找有氧化物的地方發射, 此 時造成電弧拉長, 氬氣對熔池的保護效果變差, 當鎢極的溫度上升后, 電子便從 鎢極的前端發射, 電弧弧長相應變短。這時只要把鎢極表面上氧化物打磨干凈就可以排除。

五、焊接工藝的影響

1 、坡口清理坡口面以及坡口兩側各10mm 范圍都要打磨干凈, 避免焊接時電弧產生的磁性把熔池附近的鐵銹吸入熔池。

2 焊接電流的影響焊接電流太小, 電弧不穩定, 電弧在鎢極的端部不規則地漂移, 破壞保護區。焊接電流太大, 電弧對氣流產生擾亂作用,保護效果變差。

3、焊接速度的影響焊接速度過快, 由于空氣阻力對保護氣流 的影響, 氬氣氣流會彎曲, 偏離電極中心和熔池, 對熔池和電弧保護不好。

4 、熄弧弧方法的影響熄弧時采用衰減電流或加焊絲、把電弧帶到坡口側并壓低電弧的熄弧方法,不 要突然停弧造成高溫的熔池脫離氬氣流的有效保護,避免弧坑出現氣孔或縮孔。

5 、鎢極伸出長的影響鎢極伸出長太長, 氫氣對電弧和熔池的保護效果變差。

引起手工鎢極氬弧焊焊接時產生氣孔的因素固然較多, 但是, 只要了解了氬弧焊的特點, 并根據實際情況逐一排查影響因素, 排除所有引起氬弧焊時焊縫產生氣孔的因素, 就能夠在實際生產中提高焊接質量。

 



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