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常見不銹鋼的性能和適用環境

日期:2024-11-23 15:48
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">常見不銹鋼的性能和適用環境</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼行業作為傳統行業歷史也不算很短,但大家始終對不銹鋼知識略顯不足,各種不銹鋼接觸起來也零零總總的,今天趁此文章讓自己對不銹鋼知識的認識再次鞏固下,可以更加清晰。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">201</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼管具備耐酸、耐堿</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">密度高無針孔等特點,是生產各種表殼、表帶底蓋上等材料等。廣泛用于裝飾管,工業管,這些淺拉伸的制品當中。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">301 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼在形變時呈現出明顯的加工硬化現象,被用于要求較高強度的各種場合。多用于列車、航空器、傳送帶、車輛、螺</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">栓、螺母、彈簧、篩網。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304 </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是一種通用性的不銹鋼,它廣泛地用于制作要求良好綜合性能(耐腐蝕和成型性)的設備和機件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是碳含量較低的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼的變種,用于需要焊接的場合。較低的碳含量使得在靠近焊縫的熱影響區中所析出的碳化物減至*少,而碳化物的析出可能導致不銹鋼在某些環境中產生晶間腐蝕(焊接侵蝕)。應用于抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的化學、煤炭、石油產業的野外露天機</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">器,建材耐熱零件及熱處理有困難的零件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304CU</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">因添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Cu</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">其成型性,特別是拔絲性和抗時效裂紋性好,故可進行復雜形狀的產品成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">形;其耐腐蝕性與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">相同。多用于保溫瓶、廚房洗滌槽、鍋、壺、保溫飯盒、門把手、紡織加工機器。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼的鎳、鉻含量都比較高,為的是提高鋼在高溫下的抗氧化性能和蠕變強度。而</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">30S5</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310S</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乃是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">309</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">310</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼的變種,所不同者只是碳含量較低,為的是使焊縫附近所析出的碳化物減至*少。多用于耐熱槽鋼、耐熱管件。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">型不銹鋼含鎳量高,因而在海洋和化學工業環境中的抗點腐蝕能力大大地優于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼。其中,</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">型不銹鋼由變種包括低碳不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316L</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、含氮的高強度不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以及合硫量較高的易切削不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">316F</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。應用在海水里用設備、化學、染料、造紙、草酸、肥料等生產設備;照像、食品工業、沿海地區設施。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">321</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是以鈦穩定化的不銹鋼,在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">304</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">鋼中添加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元素來防止晶界腐蝕;適宜作高溫下使用的焊接構件。適合于在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">-900</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃高溫度下使用。多應用于航空器、排氣管、鍋爐汽包。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">409L </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">是因添加了</span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">元素,故其高溫耐蝕性及高溫強度較好。適用于汽車排氣管、熱交換機、集裝箱等</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">在焊接后不熱處理的產品。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">420J1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">是在淬火后硬度高,耐蝕性好且有磁性。在餐具(刀)、渦輪機葉片中常使用。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">430</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">則作為鐵素體鋼的代表鋼種,熱膨脹率抵,成</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">形性及耐氧化性優。多用于耐熱器具、燃燒器、家電產品、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">類餐具、廚房洗滌槽、外部裝飾材料、螺栓、螺母、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">CD</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">桿、篩網。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>

常見不銹鋼的性能和適用環境

不銹鋼行業作為傳統行業歷史也不算很短,但大家始終對不銹鋼知識略顯不足,各種不銹鋼接觸起來也零零總總的,今天趁此文章讓自己對不銹鋼知識的認識再次鞏固下,可以更加清晰。

201不銹鋼管具備耐酸、耐堿,密度高無針孔等特點,是生產各種表殼、表帶底蓋上等材料等。廣泛用于裝飾管,工業管,這些淺拉伸的制品當中。

301 不銹鋼在形變時呈現出明顯的加工硬化現象,被用于要求較高強度的各種場合。多用于列車、航空器、傳送帶、車輛、螺 栓、螺母、彈簧、篩網。

304 是一種通用性的不銹鋼,它廣泛地用于制作要求良好綜合性能(耐腐蝕和成型性)的設備和機件。

304L 是碳含量較低的304不銹鋼的變種,用于需要焊接的場合。較低的碳含量使得在靠近焊縫的熱影響區中所析出的碳化物減至*少,而碳化物的析出可能導致不銹鋼在某些環境中產生晶間腐蝕(焊接侵蝕)。應用于抗晶界腐蝕性要求高的化學、煤炭、石油產業的野外露天機 器,建材耐熱零件及熱處理有困難的零件。

304CU因添加Cu其成型性,特別是拔絲性和抗時效裂紋性好,故可進行復雜形狀的產品成 形;其耐腐蝕性與304相同。多用于保溫瓶、廚房洗滌槽、鍋、壺、保溫飯盒、門把手、紡織加工機器。

309310不銹鋼的鎳、鉻含量都比較高,為的是提高鋼在高溫下的抗氧化性能和蠕變強度。而30S5310S乃是309310不銹鋼的變種,所不同者只是碳含量較低,為的是使焊縫附近所析出的碳化物減至*少。多用于耐熱槽鋼、耐熱管件。

316316L型不銹鋼含鎳量高,因而在海洋和化學工業環境中的抗點腐蝕能力大大地優于304不銹鋼。其中,316型不銹鋼由變種包括低碳不銹鋼316L、含氮的高強度不銹鋼316N以及合硫量較高的易切削不銹鋼316F。應用在海水里用設備、化學、染料、造紙、草酸、肥料等生產設備;照像、食品工業、沿海地區設施。

321是以鈦穩定化的不銹鋼,在304鋼中添加Ti元素來防止晶界腐蝕;適宜作高溫下使用的焊接構件。適合于在430-900℃高溫度下使用。多應用于航空器、排氣管、鍋爐汽包。

409L 是因添加了Ti元素,故其高溫耐蝕性及高溫強度較好。適用于汽車排氣管、熱交換機、集裝箱等 在焊接后不熱處理的產品。

420J1是在淬火后硬度高,耐蝕性好且有磁性。在餐具(刀)、渦輪機葉片中常使用。

430則作為鐵素體鋼的代表鋼種,熱膨脹率抵,成 形性及耐氧化性優。多用于耐熱器具、燃燒器、家電產品、2類餐具、廚房洗滌槽、外部裝飾材料、螺栓、螺母、CD桿、篩網。

 

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