摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼管脫脂方法與脫脂劑的選擇</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">直接法生產(chǎn)濃硝酸裝置、空氣分離裝置和煉油、化工工程中的一切忌油不銹鋼管和管件必須按設(shè)計要求進(jìn)行脫脂。脫脂的目的就是避免輸送或儲存的物料遇油脂或有機(jī)物可能引起爆炸</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">避免輸送或儲存的物料和油脂或有機(jī)物相混合</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">控制油脂含量，以保證催化劑的活性</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">控制油脂及有機(jī)物的含量，以保證產(chǎn)品的純度。已安裝的不銹鋼管應(yīng)拆卸成管段進(jìn)行脫脂。安裝后不能拆卸的管道應(yīng)在安裝前進(jìn)行脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">有明顯油跡或嚴(yán)重銹蝕的不銹鋼管，應(yīng)先用蒸汽吹掃、噴砂或其他方法**干凈，再進(jìn)行脫脂。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不銹鋼管脫脂可采用有機(jī)溶劑</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、四氯化碳、工業(yè)酒精、溶劑</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">苯、丙酮等</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、濃硝酸或堿液進(jìn)行。工業(yè)用二氯乙烷適用于金屬件的脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">工業(yè)用四氯化碳適用于黑色金屬及非金屬件的脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">三氯乙烯適用于金屬件及有色金屬件</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的脫脂</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">工業(yè)酒精濃度不低于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">86%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，適用于脫脂要求不高及容器內(nèi)表面人工擦洗</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;88%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的濃硝酸，適用于濃硝酸裝置的部分管件和瓷環(huán)等的脫脂。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">不銹鋼管脫脂時</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">鋼管外表面如有泥垢，可先用凈水沖洗干凈，并自然吹干，然后用干布浸脫脂劑揩擦除油，再放在露天干燥。對不銹鋼管內(nèi)表面進(jìn)行脫脂時，可將管子的一端用木塞</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">堵嚴(yán)或用其他方法封閉。從另一端注入該管容積</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">15%-20%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的脫脂溶劑，然后以木塞封閉，放在平整干凈的地方或置于有枕木的工作臺上浸泡</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> 60-80min</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，并每隔</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20min</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">轉(zhuǎn)動一次管子。不銹鋼彎管如</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">需要脫脂應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加脫脂溶劑，使之**浸泡。脫脂后，將管內(nèi)溶劑倒出，用排風(fēng)機(jī)將管內(nèi)吹干，或用不含油的壓縮空氣或氮氣吹干或用自然風(fēng)吹</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">24</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小時，充分吹</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">干。大口徑管子可用棉布浸蘸溶劑人工擦洗</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">小口徑不銹鋼管也可整根放在盛有溶劑的長槽內(nèi)浸泡</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> 60</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">至</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">80</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分鐘。濃硝酸裝置的濃硝酸管道和設(shè)備，可在全部安裝后直接以</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">88%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的濃硝酸用泵打循環(huán)進(jìn)行酸洗。循環(huán)不到或不耐濃硝酸腐蝕的管子必須單獨脫脂。</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">閥門、墊片等管件在酸洗前也應(yīng)單獨脫脂。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>