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西安不銹鋼管的焊接方法大全

日期:2024-11-24 23:46
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摘要:<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">西安不銹鋼管的焊接方法大全</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">西安不銹鋼管熱處理國外普遍采用帶保護氣體的無氧化連續熱處理爐,進行生產過程中的中間熱處理和*終的成品熱處理,由于可以獲得無氧化的光亮表面,從而取消了傳統的酸洗工序。這一熱處理工藝的采用,既改善了鋼管的質量,又克服了酸洗對環境的污染。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">根據目前世界發展的趨勢,光亮連續爐基本分為三種類型:</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">輥底式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適用于大規格、大批量鋼管熱處理,小時產量為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">1.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">噸以上??墒褂玫谋Wo氣體為高純度氫氣、分解氨及其它保護氣體??梢耘鋫溆袑α骼鋮s系統,以便較快地冷卻鋼管。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">網帶式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適合于小直徑薄壁精密鋼管,小時產量約為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">0.3-1.0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">噸,處理鋼管長度可達</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">40</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米,也可以處理成卷的毛細管。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">3</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">馬弗式光亮熱處理爐。鋼管裝在連續的把架上,在馬弗管內運行加熱,能以較低的成本處理上等小直徑薄壁鋼管,小時產量約在</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">0.3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">噸以上。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;">西安不銹鋼管焊接要求熔深焊透,不含氧化物夾雜,熱影響區盡可能小,鎢極惰性氣體保護的氬弧焊具有較好的適應性,焊接質量高、焊透性能好,其產品在化工、核工業和食品等工業中得到廣泛應用。</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> </p> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 焊接速度不高是氬弧焊的不足之處,為提高焊接速度,國外研究開發了多種方法。其中由單電極單焊炬發展采用多電極多焊炬的焊接方法在生產中應用。</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">70</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年代德國首先采用多焊炬沿焊縫方向直線排列,形成長形熱流分布,明顯提高焊速。一般采用三電極焊炬的氬弧焊,焊接鋼管壁厚</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">S≥2mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,焊接速度比單焊炬提高</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">3-4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">倍,焊接質量也得以改善。氬弧焊與等離子焊組合可以焊接更大壁厚的鋼管,此外,在氬氣中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">5-10%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的氫氣,再采用高頻脈沖焊接電源,也可提高焊接速度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 多焊炬氬弧焊適用于奧氏體和鐵素體不銹鋼管的焊接。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 高頻焊用于碳鋼焊管生產已經有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">40</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多年的歷史,但用于焊接不銹鋼管卻是較新的技術。其生產的經濟性,使其產品更為廣泛地用于建筑裝飾、家用器具和機械結構領域。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 高頻焊接具有較電源功率,對不同的材質、外徑壁厚的鋼管都能達到較高的焊接速度。與氬弧焊相比,是其*高焊接速度的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">10</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">倍以上。因此,生產一般用途的不銹鋼管具有較高的生產率。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 因為高頻焊接速度高,給焊管內毛刺的去除帶來困難。目前,高頻焊不銹鋼管尚不能為化工、核工業所接受,這也是其原因之一。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 從焊接材質看,高頻焊可以焊接各種類型的奧氏體不銹鋼管。同時,新鋼種的開發和成型焊接方法的進步,也成功地焊接了鐵素體不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">AISI409</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">等鋼種。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 西安不銹鋼管焊接的各種焊接方法均有各自的優點和不足。如何揚長避短,將幾種焊接方法加以組合形成新的焊接工藝,滿足人們對不銹鋼焊管質量和生產效率的要求,是當前不銹鋼焊管技術發展的新趨勢。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 經過近幾年的探索研究,組合焊接工藝已取得了進展,日本、法國等國家的不銹鋼焊管生產已掌握了一定的組合焊接技術。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="font-size:small;"> 組合焊接方法有:氬弧焊加等離子焊、高頻焊加等離子焊、高頻預熱加三焊炬氬弧焊、高頻預熱加等離子加氬弧焊。組合焊接提高焊速十分顯著。對于采用高頻預熱的組合焊接鋼管焊縫質量與常規的氬弧焊、等離子焊相當,焊接操作簡單,整個焊接系統易實現自動化,這種組合易于與現有的高頻焊接設備銜接,投資成本低,效益好。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊活性劑對焊縫成形的影響</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">01</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊在生產中已經得到廣泛的應用,它可以獲得上等焊縫,常用來焊接有色金屬、不銹鋼、超高強度鋼等材料。但是</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊存在熔深淺</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(≤3mm)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、焊接效率低等缺點,對于厚板需要開坡口進行多道焊。增大焊接電流雖然能使熔深增加,但熔寬和熔池體積增加的幅度要遠大于熔深的增加幅度。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">02</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 活性化</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊方法近年來引起了世界范圍內的重視。這種技術是在焊前將焊縫表面涂敷上一層活性焊劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">簡稱活性劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,在相同的焊接規范下,同常規的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊相比,可以大幅度地提高熔深</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">*大可達</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">300%)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。對于</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">8mm</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的厚板焊接可以不開坡口一次獲得較大的熔深或一次焊透,對于薄板可以在不改變焊接速度的情況下減小焊接熱輸入。目前</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊可以用于焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼、鎳基合金和鈦合金等材料。同傳統的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊相比,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊,可以大大地提高生產率,降低生產成本,同時還可以減小焊接變形,具有非常重要的應用前景。</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊關鍵的因素在于活性劑成分的選配。目前常用的活性劑成分主要有氧化物、氯化物和氟化物,不同的材料,其適用的活性劑成分不同。但是由于這種技術的重要性,活性劑的成分和配方在</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">PWI</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">和</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">EWI</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">都有**限制,公開出版物上很少報道。目前對</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">A-TIG</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">焊的研究主要集中在活性劑作用機理的研究和活性化焊接應用技術的研究兩個方面。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">03</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 目前國內外開發并使用的活性劑主要有三種類型:氧化物、氟化物和氯化物。早期由</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">PWI</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">研制的用于鈦合金焊接的活性劑以氧化物和氯化物為主,但是氯化物的毒性大,不利于推廣和應用。目前國外焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼等所使用的活性劑以氧化物為主,而對于鈦合金材料的焊接其活性劑中含有一定的氟化物成分。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">04</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 單一成分的活性劑對不銹鋼焊縫成形的影響</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">:</span></span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(1) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對于涂敷了</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">活性劑的焊縫,隨著</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂敷量的增加,焊道寬度逐漸變窄,弧坑變長變窄變深。焊道后部余高變高</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在涂敷活性劑和未涂敷活性劑的交接處,焊道金屬堆積多,在所有活性劑中,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">SiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對焊縫成形作用效果*大。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(2) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">活性劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">NaF</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">Cr2O3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對焊道成形的影響不明顯。隨著涂敷量的增加,焊縫寬度變化并不大,弧坑也沒有明顯變化。與無活性劑的焊縫相比,焊道寬度也沒有明顯的變化,但弧坑比無活性劑的要大。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(3) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">隨著</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">TiO2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂敷量的增加,焊道外觀變化不大,弧坑沒有明顯變化,與無活性劑時相似。但所形成的焊縫表面比較平整規則,沒有出現咬邊現象,比無活性劑的焊道成形要好。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(4) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">活性劑</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">CaF2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對焊道成形影響較大。隨著</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">CaF2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">涂敷量的增加,焊縫成形變差,弧坑變化不大,焊縫寬度變化不大。但隨著</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">CaF2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">量的增加出現咬邊等缺陷。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span lang="EN-US">(5) </span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-hansi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">對熔深的影響上,與無活性劑相比,上述五種活性劑都能夠增加焊縫的熔深,而且隨著涂敷量的增加,熔深也相應的增加。但是當涂敷量達到一定值時,熔深增加達到飽和,再增加涂敷量,熔深反而下降。</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span> <p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;"> <span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:small;">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>

西安不銹鋼管的焊接方法大全

西安不銹鋼管熱處理國外普遍采用帶保護氣體的無氧化連續熱處理爐,進行生產過程中的中間熱處理和*終的成品熱處理,由于可以獲得無氧化的光亮表面,從而取消了傳統的酸洗工序。這一熱處理工藝的采用,既改善了鋼管的質量,又克服了酸洗對環境的污染。

根據目前世界發展的趨勢,光亮連續爐基本分為三種類型:

1.輥底式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適用于大規格、大批量鋼管熱處理,小時產量為1.0噸以上??墒褂玫谋Wo氣體為高純度氫氣、分解氨及其它保護氣體??梢耘鋫溆袑α骼鋮s系統,以便較快地冷卻鋼管。

2.網帶式光亮熱處理爐。這種爐型適合于小直徑薄壁精密鋼管,小時產量約為0.3-1.0噸,處理鋼管長度可達40米,也可以處理成卷的毛細管。

3馬弗式光亮熱處理爐。鋼管裝在連續的把架上,在馬弗管內運行加熱,能以較低的成本處理上等小直徑薄壁鋼管,小時產量約在0.3噸以上。

西安不銹鋼管焊接要求熔深焊透,不含氧化物夾雜,熱影響區盡可能小,鎢極惰性氣體保護的氬弧焊具有較好的適應性,焊接質量高、焊透性能好,其產品在化工、核工業和食品等工業中得到廣泛應用。

焊接速度不高是氬弧焊的不足之處,為提高焊接速度,國外研究開發了多種方法。其中由單電極單焊炬發展采用多電極多焊炬的焊接方法在生產中應用。70年代德國首先采用多焊炬沿焊縫方向直線排列,形成長形熱流分布,明顯提高焊速。一般采用三電極焊炬的氬弧焊,焊接鋼管壁厚S≥2mm,焊接速度比單焊炬提高3-4倍,焊接質量也得以改善。氬弧焊與等離子焊組合可以焊接更大壁厚的鋼管,此外,在氬氣中5-10%的氫氣,再采用高頻脈沖焊接電源,也可提高焊接速度。

多焊炬氬弧焊適用于奧氏體和鐵素體不銹鋼管的焊接。

高頻焊用于碳鋼焊管生產已經有40多年的歷史,但用于焊接不銹鋼管卻是較新的技術。其生產的經濟性,使其產品更為廣泛地用于建筑裝飾、家用器具和機械結構領域。

高頻焊接具有較電源功率,對不同的材質、外徑壁厚的鋼管都能達到較高的焊接速度。與氬弧焊相比,是其*高焊接速度的10倍以上。因此,生產一般用途的不銹鋼管具有較高的生產率。

因為高頻焊接速度高,給焊管內毛刺的去除帶來困難。目前,高頻焊不銹鋼管尚不能為化工、核工業所接受,這也是其原因之一。

從焊接材質看,高頻焊可以焊接各種類型的奧氏體不銹鋼管。同時,新鋼種的開發和成型焊接方法的進步,也成功地焊接了鐵素體不銹鋼AISI409等鋼種。

西安不銹鋼管焊接的各種焊接方法均有各自的優點和不足。如何揚長避短,將幾種焊接方法加以組合形成新的焊接工藝,滿足人們對不銹鋼焊管質量和生產效率的要求,是當前不銹鋼焊管技術發展的新趨勢。

經過近幾年的探索研究,組合焊接工藝已取得了進展,日本、法國等國家的不銹鋼焊管生產已掌握了一定的組合焊接技術。

組合焊接方法有:氬弧焊加等離子焊、高頻焊加等離子焊、高頻預熱加三焊炬氬弧焊、高頻預熱加等離子加氬弧焊。組合焊接提高焊速十分顯著。對于采用高頻預熱的組合焊接鋼管焊縫質量與常規的氬弧焊、等離子焊相當,焊接操作簡單,整個焊接系統易實現自動化,這種組合易于與現有的高頻焊接設備銜接,投資成本低,效益好。

TIG焊活性劑對焊縫成形的影響

01

TIG焊在生產中已經得到廣泛的應用,它可以獲得上等焊縫,常用來焊接有色金屬、不銹鋼、超高強度鋼等材料。但是TIG焊存在熔深淺(≤3mm)、焊接效率低等缺點,對于厚板需要開坡口進行多道焊。增大焊接電流雖然能使熔深增加,但熔寬和熔池體積增加的幅度要遠大于熔深的增加幅度。

02

活性化TIG焊方法近年來引起了世界范圍內的重視。這種技術是在焊前將焊縫表面涂敷上一層活性焊劑(簡稱活性劑),在相同的焊接規范下,同常規的TIG焊相比,可以大幅度地提高熔深(*大可達300%)。對于8mm的厚板焊接可以不開坡口一次獲得較大的熔深或一次焊透,對于薄板可以在不改變焊接速度的情況下減小焊接熱輸入。目前A-TIG焊可以用于焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼、鎳基合金和鈦合金等材料。同傳統的TIG焊相比,A-TIG焊,可以大大地提高生產率,降低生產成本,同時還可以減小焊接變形,具有非常重要的應用前景。 A-TIG焊關鍵的因素在于活性劑成分的選配。目前常用的活性劑成分主要有氧化物、氯化物和氟化物,不同的材料,其適用的活性劑成分不同。但是由于這種技術的重要性,活性劑的成分和配方在PWIEWI都有**限制,公開出版物上很少報道。目前對A-TIG焊的研究主要集中在活性劑作用機理的研究和活性化焊接應用技術的研究兩個方面。

03

目前國內外開發并使用的活性劑主要有三種類型:氧化物、氟化物和氯化物。早期由PWI研制的用于鈦合金焊接的活性劑以氧化物和氯化物為主,但是氯化物的毒性大,不利于推廣和應用。目前國外焊接不銹鋼、碳鋼等所使用的活性劑以氧化物為主,而對于鈦合金材料的焊接其活性劑中含有一定的氟化物成分。

04

單一成分的活性劑對不銹鋼焊縫成形的影響:

(1) 對于涂敷了SiO2活性劑的焊縫,隨著SiO2涂敷量的增加,焊道寬度逐漸變窄,弧坑變長變窄變深。焊道后部余高變高,在涂敷活性劑和未涂敷活性劑的交接處,焊道金屬堆積多,在所有活性劑中,SiO2對焊縫成形作用效果*大。

(2) 活性劑NaF、Cr2O3對焊道成形的影響不明顯。隨著涂敷量的增加,焊縫寬度變化并不大,弧坑也沒有明顯變化。與無活性劑的焊縫相比,焊道寬度也沒有明顯的變化,但弧坑比無活性劑的要大。

(3) 隨著TiO2涂敷量的增加,焊道外觀變化不大,弧坑沒有明顯變化,與無活性劑時相似。但所形成的焊縫表面比較平整規則,沒有出現咬邊現象,比無活性劑的焊道成形要好。

(4) 活性劑CaF2對焊道成形影響較大。隨著CaF2涂敷量的增加,焊縫成形變差,弧坑變化不大,焊縫寬度變化不大。但隨著CaF2量的增加出現咬邊等缺陷。

(5) 對熔深的影響上,與無活性劑相比,上述五種活性劑都能夠增加焊縫的熔深,而且隨著涂敷量的增加,熔深也相應的增加。但是當涂敷量達到一定值時,熔深增加達到飽和,再增加涂敷量,熔深反而下降。

 

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